Previous | TOC
1 Diamond, Roads, pp. 127-131, 179-180.
On fusionism, see Himmelstein, To The Right, pp. 43-60. His discussion
of the practical problems of uniting the three strands into a conservative
movement is especially useful and perceptive.
2 Chip Berlet and Margaret Quigley, "Theocracy & White
Supremacy: Behind the Culture War to Restore Traditional Values," in
Berlet, Eyes Right, pp.15-43.
3 Laura Elizabeth Saponara, Ideology at Work:
Deciphering the Appeal of New Right Discourse, Master of Arts Thesis,
University of Texas at Austin, 1997, p. 27.
4 See generally, Diamond, Spiritual Warfare.
5 William H. Marshner and Enrique T. Rueda, The
Morality of Political Action: Biblical Foundations, (Washington,
DC: the Free Congress Research and Education Foundation, 1983), pp. 35-48.
6 ISRP web page, URL: <http://www.isrp.org/welcome.html>,
10/6/98.
7 Revelation, 20-22. Whether Christ returns at
the beginning or the end of this thousand year period is disputed among
pre-millennialists and post-millennialists. Fuller, Naming the Antichrist,
pp. 6-7; Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism,
pp. 40, 112-114; Diamond, Spiritual Warfare, pp. 130-138, 240; Michael
Barkun, Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian
Identity Movement, (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press,
1994), p. 75-79, 104-105, 213.
8 Boyer, When Time Shall Be No More, pp.
80-112.
9 Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism and
Evangelicalism, pp. 60, 147, 163; Martin, With God on Our Side,
pp.14-15.
10 For general background, see Himmelstein, To
The Right, Diamond, Roads to Dominion; Martin, With God
on Our Side.
11 Fred Clarkson, Eternal Hostility, pp.
77-123.
12 Some analysts use the term "dominionism" solely
to refer to forms of Reconstructionism, but others use it as I do here,
in the broader sense of exclusionary Christian nationalism.
13 Boyer, When Time Shall Be No More, 254-290.
14 Joel Kovel, Red Hunting in the Promised
Land: Anticommunism and the Making of America, (New York, Basic Books,
1994); Didi Herman, The Antigay Agenda: Orthodox Vision and the Christian
Right, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), pp. 19-24, 35-44,
125-128, 170-172,
15 Johnson, Architects of Fear, pp. 169-173;
Diamond, Spiritual Warfare, pp. 84-87, 233; Berlet and Quigley, "Theocracy & White
Supremacy," in Berlet, Eyes Right!, pp. 32-33.
16 George M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism
and Evangelicalism, pp. 109. See also: Diamond, Roads,
pp. 246-248; William Martin, With God on Our Side: The Rise of the
Religious Right in America, (New York: Broadway Books, 1996), pp.
194-198, 331-333, 344-347, ); Thompson, The End Of Time, pp. 310-312.
17 Stormer, None Dare Call It Treason;
Stormer, None Dare Call It Treason...25 Years Later, paperback,
(Flourissant, MO: Liberty Bell Press, 1992 {hardcover, 1990}).
18 Martin, With God on Our Side, pp. 194-197;
Dallas A. Blanchard, The Anti-Abortion Movement and the Rise of the
Religious Right, (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994), p. 97. For examples
of Christian antagonism toward secular humanism, see Francis A. Schaeffer,
A Christian Manifesto, revised, (Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1982
[1981]), pp. 117-130; Franky Schaeffer, A Time for Anger: The Myth of
Neutrality, (Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1982), pp. 15-25, 76-78;
John W. Whitehead, The Stealing of America, (Westchester, IL: Crossway
Books, 1987), pp. 31-59; Tim LaHaye, The Battle for the Mind, (Old
Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell, 1980), pp. 141-179.
19 Christian Anti-Communism Crusade, newsletter,
April 1, 1998, p. 2.
20 David A. Noebel, Understanding the Times:
The Story of the Biblical Christian, Marxist/Leninist and Secular Humanist
Worldviews, (Manitou Springs, CO: Summit Ministries Press, 1992).
21 The author purchased curricular materials during
a tour of Summit Ministries in 1997. On file at PRA.
22 Documentation, including correspondence between
Welch, his aide, and a donor outlining the procedure, at PRA in file: "John
Birch Society, Nonprofit Funding Conduits."
23 Pat Robertson, The New World Order,
1992, p. 36.
24 Ibid., pp. 261-62.
25 Michael Lind, "On Pat Robertson: His
Defenders", The New York Review of Books, April 20, 1995, pp.
67-68; and accompanying article: Jacob Heilbrunn, "On Pat Robertson:
His Anti-Semitic Sources", pp. 68-71.
26 See generally Camp, Selling Fear.
27 "Armageddon Books," Cliffside Publishing
House, General Catalog, Fall/Winter 1996; <http://www.armageddonbooks.com>,
11/13/98.
28 For an interesting discussion of this trend, see:
Joel Schalit and Charlie Bertsch "Millennial Revelations: Religious
Extremism and the Preparations For a Secular Apocalypse," Deolog,
Feb. 1997, online, <http://www.stealth.net/~deolog/SchalitBertsch297.html>.
A fascinating development is the post-rapture ministry, which creates evangelical
outreach materials to be "left behind" after the authors are
raptured up into heaven; see: Peter and Paul Lalonde's work including
the popular video, "Apocalypse: Caught in the Eye of the Storm;" <http://www.jvim.com/catalog/apocal.html>;
and the website articles, "Oops, I Guess I Wasn't Ready," <http://www.novia.net/~todd/rap49.html>;
and Kurt Seland, "The Post Rapture Survival Guide," <http://www.novia.net/~todd/rap34.html>.
29 Hal Lindsey, with C. C. Carlson, The
Late Great Planet Earth, (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing
House, 1970).
30 See the analysis of Lindsey in O'Leary, Arguing
the Apocalypse, pp. 134-171.
31 Billy Graham, Approaching Hoofbeats: The
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, (Minneapolis, MN: Grason, 1983),
pp. 222-224.
32 Boyer, When Time Shall Be No More,
pp. 148-149, 327; referencing John F. Walvoord, Armageddon, Oil And
The Middle East Crisis. What The Bible Says About The Future Of The Middle
East And The End Of Western Civilization. (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan
Publishing House, 1990 {1974}).
33 Johnson, Architects of Fear, pp. 28-29;
F. H. Knelman, Reagan, God and the Bomb, (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus
Books, 1985); pp. 175-190; Boyer, When Time Shall Be No More, p.
162.
34 Grace Halsell, Prophecy and Politics: Militant
Evangelists on the Road to Nuclear War, (Wesport, CT: Lawrence Hill,
1986). For a Christian manual on how to survive the nuclear Armageddon
through bomb shelters, see: Arthur Robinson & Gary North,
Fighting Chance: Ten Feet to Survival, (Cave Junction, OR: Oregon
Institute of Science and Medicine, 1986).
35 Ruth W. Mouly, The Religious Right and
Israel: The Politics of Armageddon, (Chicago: Midwest Research
[now Political Research Associates], 1987).
36 Lamy, Millennium Rage, p. 155. See
also: Boyer, When Time Shall Be No More, pp. 327-331.
37 Sara Diamond, "Political Millennialism
within the Evangelical Subculture," in Charles B. Strozier and Michael
Flynn, The Year 2000: Essays on the End, (New York: NYU Press, 1997),
p. 210.
38 Paul Boyer, lecture and seminar, Boston University,
11/12/98-11/13/98.
39 Fuller, Naming the Antichrist, p. 5.
There are still some Protestant apocalyptics that see the Vatican as controlled
by the Devil, see: "Conclusive Proof From The Bible That The
Pope Is The Antichrist," <http://www.pacinst.com/antichri.htm>.
40 "700 Club," 7/23/98 and 12/27/94,
author's notes made while watching programs.
41 Cover story and series of articles on Y2K
from a Christian perspective by Joel Belz, Roy Manard, Chris Stamper, and
Lynn Vincent, in World (God's World Publications), 8/22/98. See
also: "Y2K: Playing the Millennium Card," Culture Watch,
The DataCenter, Sept. 1998, for a very useful roundup of the topic.
42 Author attended the workshop; speakers were
Michael Hyatt, author of The Millennium Bug: How to Survive the Coming
Chaos and the Day the World Shut Down, and prominent Lousiana
Republican Dr. Billy McCormack of the University Baptist Church. Jerry
Falwell, Pat Robertson, Larry Burkett, Jack Van Impe, and many other Christian
evangelical leaders have added apocalyptic fuel to the Y2K furnace;
see: Falwell's video, "Y2K: A Christian's Guide to the Millennium
Bug." online, <http://www.otgh.org/otgh_site/offers/y2k.html>. See
also: the site maintained by the Inspiration Network, <http://www.insp.org/y2k/>.
43 See Gary North's web page, URL: <http://www.garynorth.com/y2k/index.htm> (9/16/98).
North's apocalyptic predictions about Y2K and the need for survivalist-style
preparations echoes his previous stance on surviving nuclear war during
the Reagan years: Robinson & North, Fighting Chance.
44 Dennis Behreandt, "Millennium Mayhem," The
New American, 9/14/98, p. 14; for coverage of hard right fears about
Y2K see "Y2Kaos," Intelligence Report., Southern Poverty
Law Center, Fall 1998 (#92); and Berlet, Y2K and Millennial Pinball:
How Y2K Shapes Survivalism in the US Christian Right, Patriot and Armed
Militia Movements, and Far Right," paper, Center for Millennial
Studies at Boston University, 1998.
45 Dave Hunt, Global Peace and the Rise of
Antichrist; (Eugene, OR: Harvest House, 1990); Peter LaLonde, One
World Under Antichrist: Globalism, Seducing Spirits and Secrets of the
New World Order; (Eugene, OR: Harvest House, 1991); William T. James,
ed., Foreshocks of Antichrist; (Eugene, OR: Harvest House, 1997);Arno
Froese, How Democracy Will Elect the Antichrist: The Ultimate Denial
of Freedom, Liberty and Justice According to the Bible, (West Colombia,
SC: Olive Press, 1997).
46 Catholic Study Bible, commentary on
Revelation, p. 399.
47 Vicki Frierson and Ruthanne Garlock, Christian
Be Watchful: Hidden Dangers in the New Coalition of Feminism, Humanism,
Socialism, Lesbianism, pamphlet, (Dallas: Texas Eagle Forum, 1978);
on file at PRA.
48 Quinby, symposium presentation, "The
Millennial Cusp: Western Cultures at 1000, 1500, 2000 and Beyond," sponsored
by the Center for Millennial Studies, Boston, October 12, 1996. In the
classic sci-fi film Five Million Years to Earth an ancient Martian
space ship is unearthed at the aptly-named Hobbes End Underground station
in London. When its passenger comes to life it appears as the Devil, complete
with little horns. A women falls under its spell, and using superhuman
powers supplied by the Devil, attempts to stop the male heroes planning
to block the fiery apocalypse using logic and science.
49 "Vision 2000: Frequent Questions," Official
PK Web Site, URL: <promisekeepers.org/2000faq.htm>, 7/17/98.
50 Ferrini Productions, "10.4.97 Promise
Keepers," video, (Boston: Center for Millennial Studies, 1997); interviews
by author at Promise Keepers Mall rally.
51 Steven L. Gardiner, "Promises to Keep:
the Christian Right Men's Movement," Dignity Report, 3:4, Fall,
1996; Linda Kintz, Between Jesus and the Market: The Emotions that Matter
in Right-Wing America, (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997), pp.
111-139; Connie Anderson, Visions of Involved Fatherhood: Pro-Feminists
and "Promise Keepers," paper, ASA, Toronto, 1977, Family & Kinship
Session (#113); ASA 1998 roundtable on Promise Keepers, with papers presented
by Mary Stricker; Amy Schindler and Jennifer Carrol Lena; R. Lorraine Bernotsky
and Joan M. Bernotsky, with discussion leader Jennifer Reich
52 Interview with Promise Keepers leader Randy
Phillips on "Late Edition," CNN, 10/5/97; 10 am ET, from transcript,
p. 9.
53 Lee Quinby, "Coercive Purity: The Dangerous
Promise of Apocalyptic Masculinity," in Charles B. Strozier and Michael
Flynn, The Year 2000: Essays on the End, (New York: NYU Press, 1997),
pp. 154-156; note, however, that conservative evangelical women can find
spheres of influence and agency within the constraints of submission, see
Brenda E. Brasher, Fundamentalism and Female Power, (New Brunswick,
NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1998).
Christian Right demonization of gays and lesbians in the same style as
anti-communism and anti-Semitism is described in Didi Herman, The Antigay
Agenda. See also: Jean Hardisty "Constructing Homophobia," in
Berlet, Eyes Right!, pp. 86-104; Arlene Stein, "When the Culture
War Comes to Town: An Ethnography of Contested Sexuality in Rural Oregon," paper,
ASA 98; and "Whose Memories? Whose Victimhood? Contests for the Holocaust
Frame in Recent Social Movement Discourse," Sociological Perspectives,
Vol. 41, No. 3, 1998, pp. 519-540; Surina Khan, Calculated Compassion:
How the Ex-Gay Movement Serves the Right's Attack on Democracy, (Somerville,
MA: Political Research Associates, 1998).
54 Diamond, "Political Millennialism," in
Strozier and Flynn, The Year 2000, pp., 206-210.
55 Richard K. Fenn, The End of Time: Religion,
Ritual, and the Forging of the Soul, (Cleveland, Pilgrim Press, 1997),
pp. 127-149.
56 Find charges and response at URL: <http://www.saintsalive.com/mormonism/nccj.htm>.
57 Church on the Web, Video List, URL: http://www.churchontheweb.com/bookshop/paganinvasion/8.html.
58 Patrick Matrisciana, ed., The Clinton Chronicles, fourth
edition, (Hemet, CA: Jeremiah Books, 1994). See also: the related Clinton
Chronicles video.
59 Texe Marrs, Big Sister Is Watching You:
Hillary Clinton And The White House Feminists Who Now Control America--And
Tell The President What To Do, (Austin, TX: Living Truth Publishers,
1993.)
60 An exceptional and detailed survey of Catholic
apocalypticism can be found in Michael W. Cuneo, The Smoke of Satan,
Conservative and Traditionalist Dissent in Contemporary American Catholicism,
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997). See also: Thompson, The
End Of Time, pp.175-190. Useful overviews of key right-wing Catholic
groups are in Steve Askin, A New Rite: Conservative Catholic Organizations
and Their Allies, (Washington, DC: Catholics for Free Choice, 1994).
61 The Fatima Crusader, Summer 1992, p.
2.
62 Charles Martel, "Why Sr. Lucia Went Public," Fatima
Family Messenger, April-June 1992, pp. 2-4, 44-48.
63 Cuneo, The Smoke of Satan, pp. 44-46,
172.
64 Ibid., pp. 154-177.
65 Victor Balaban, "The Virgin and the Millennium:
Marian Sightings in the United States," lecture, Center for Millennial
Studies and Boston University School of Theology, 1/20/98.
66 Charles Martel, "The Antichrist," The
Fatima Crusader, Summer 1994, pp. 6-9.
67 Ibid. p. 9.
68 "Father Coughlin, a great apostle of
social justice who courageously denounced the bankers' debt-money system," The
Michael Journal, May-June 1995, p. 10; and various undated Michael
Journal reprints handed out in the Boston area from 1995-1998, on file
at PRA; see Denis Fahey's pamphlet, The Rulers of Russia, reprinted
in 1940 by Coughlin's Social Justice Publishing, in which Fahey claims
a "Judaeo-Bolshevist" influence over both capitalism and communism.
69 William T. Still, New World Order,
(Lafayette, LA: Huntington House, 1990).
70 Ibid., Introduction.
71 Ibid., back cover.
72 Ibid., pp. 140-141, 148-149.
73 Ibid., back cover.
74 Cheri Seymour, Committee of the States:
Inside the Radical Right, (Mariposa, CA: Camden Place Communications,
1991).
75 James Corcoran, Bitter Harvest: The Birth
of Paramilitary Terrorism in the Heartland, (New York: Viking Penguin,
1995 [1990]).
76 Mark Rupert, Globalization and the Reconstruction
of Common Sense in the US, in S. Gill and J. Mittelman, eds., Innovation
and Transformation in International Studies, (Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press, 1997). See also Rupert's marvelous Web page, "A
Virtual Guided Tour of Far Right Anti-Globalist Ideology," URL: <http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/maxpages/faculty/merupert/far-right> An
important study of socio-economic factors is Deborah Kaplan, "Republic
of Rage: A Look Inside the Patriot Movement," paper, ASA 98.
77 Kenneth S. Stern, A Force Upon the Plain:
The American Militia Movement and the Politics of Hate, (New York:
Simon & Schuster, 1996); Lamy, Millennium Rage.
78 Chip Berlet & Matthew N. Lyons, "Militia
Nation," The Progressive, June 1995, pp. 22-25; Scott McLemee, "Public
Enemy," In These Times, May 15, 1995, pp. 14-19; Chip Berlet, "The
Violence of Right-Wing Populism," Peace Review, 7:3/4 (1995:
Journals Oxford, Ltd.), 283-288.
79 Jason Vest, "The Spooky World of Linda
Thompson," Washington Post, May 11, 1995, pp. D1, D8-D9.
80 Not all survivalists are part of white supremacist
or anti-Semitic movements, but many are.
81 Jess Walter, Every Knee Shall Bow: The
Truth and Tragedy of Ruby Ridge and the Randy Weaver Family, (New
York: Regan Books, 1995), pp. 64-87.
82 Robert K. Spear, Surviving Global Slavery:
Living Under the New World Order, (Leavenworth, KS: Universal Force
Dynamics, 1992); Spear, Creating Covenant Communities, (Leavenworth,
KS: Universal Force Dynamics, 1993).
83 James D. Tabor and Eugene V. Gallagher, Why
Waco? Cults and the Battle for Religious Freedom in America, (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1995); Dick J. Reavis, The Ashes of
Waco: An Investigation, (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995); Kenneth
Samples, Erwin de Castro, Richard Abanes, & Robert Lyle, Prophets
of the Apocalypse: David Koresh & Other American Messiahs, (Grand
Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1994).
84 Quinby, Anti-Apocalypse, pp. 155-162;
); Thompson, The End Of Time, pp. 278-321; Mark S. Hamm, Apocalypse
in Oklahoma: Waco and Ruby Ridge Revenged, (Boston: Northeastern University
Press, 1997);
85 Devin Burghart and Robert Crawford, Guns
and Gavels: Common Law Courts, Militias & White Supremacy, (Portland,
OR: Coalition for Human Dignity, 1996).
86 Ted Daniels, "Another Standoff: The Montana
Freeman," Millennial Prophecy Report, April 1996, p. 1-4; Mark
Pitcavage, "Every Man a King: The Rise and Fall of the Montana Freemen,
The Militia Watchdog website, May 1996.
87 Letter from JBS American Opinion Book Services,
in promotional catalog of anti-UN materials, August 1998, on file at PRA.
88 Robert Unruh, Authorities Speculate Fugitives
May Have Slipped Away-Again," Associated Press, 6/5/98; "Authorities
Tracking Two People They Believe Could Be Fugitives," Associated
Press, 7/10/98; David Foster, "Vast Manhunt Comes up Empty, Associated
Press, 8/8/98; Greg Burton, "Cop Killing: A Meeting of Radicalism,
Religion," Salt Lake City Tribune, June 21, 1998, online, <http://www.sltrib.com/1998/jun/06211998/utah/39732.htm>.
89 Mary Rupert, "The Patriot Movement and
the Roots of Fascism," in Susan Allen Nan, et. al. eds., Windows
to Conflict Analysis and Resolution: Framing our Field, (Fairfax, VA:
Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, 1997), p. 96.
90 James A. Aho, The Politics of Righteousness:
Idaho Christian Patriotism, (Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press,
1990). Stern, in footnote 4 of "Militias and the Religious Right," puts
it this way:
Some commentators do not distinguish between Christian Identity and
Christian Patriotism because, on the American far right, most who are
Identity adherents are also Christian Patriots.
But it is important to distinguish the two. Identity comes from a
19th century belief called "British Israelism." One can be
an Identity adherent in Australia, Canada, et cetera. Christian Patriots,
on the other hand, only exist in America, and one can be a Christian
Patriot without subscribing to Identity religion. For example, James
Nichols, brother of accused Oklahoma City-bomber Terry Nichols, is
a Christian Patriot who flirted with, but was talked out of, Identity
theology by a Methodist friend.
91 Patrick Minges, "Apocalypse Now! The
Realized Eschatology of the `Christian Identity' Movement, paper, American
Academy of Religion Conference, 1994; Susan DeCamp, "Locking the Doors
to the Kingdom: An Examination of Religion in Extremist Organizing and
Public Policy," in Eric Ward, ed., American Armageddon: Religion,
Revolution and the Right, (Seattle, Northwest Coalition Against Malicious
Harassment [Peanut Butter Publishing], 1998).
92 Barkun, Religion and the Racist Right,
pp. 47-49, 60-70, 106-107, 116-118, 205.
93 Christian Identity is inherently a racialized
religious philosophy, but the degree of white supremacy and anti-Semitism
can vary depending on the views of each autonomous local group. Here we
use Identity to refer to the highly bigoted neonazi form of Christian Identity.
See Leonard Zeskind, The "Christian Identity" Movement,
(Atlanta, GA: Center for Democratic Renewal/Division of Church and Society,
National Council of Churches, 1987). For early examples of how British
Israelism came to America, see: J. H. Allen, Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's
Birthright, fifteenth edition, (Haverhill, MA: Destiny Publishers,
1917 {1902}); and W. G. Mackendrick (The Roadbuilder), The Destiny of
Britain and America, new revised edition, (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart,
1922).
94 Minges, "Apocalypse Now!"
95 All major Christian religious institutions
denounce Christian Identity.
96 Nord Davis, Jr., Desert Shield and the
New World Order, Northpoint Tactical Teams, 1990, appearing as the
September-October 1990 issue of On Target, the Northpoint Team
Report.
97 The Militia News, (Afton, TN), Christian
Civil Liberties Association, 1994, p.1.
98 Ibid., p. 2.
99 Ibid., p. 3.
100 Thomas Halpern and Brian Levin, The Limits
of Dissent: The Constitutional Status of Armed Civilian Militias,
(Amherst, MA: Aletheia Press, 1996), pp. 2-4, 42-52; Stern, A Force
Upon the Plain, pp. 107-118, 135-138; Richard Abanes, American
Militias: Rebellion, Racism & Religion, (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity
Press, 1996), pp. 22, 43-71.
101 Author's review of documents admitted into
evidence in the Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols trials. The author was
subpoenaed and questioned as an expert by the defense in the Nichol's trial
but never called to testify. McVeigh adopted neonazi beliefs while Terry
Nichols, on the other hand, appears more of a generic constitutionalist. See
also Hamm, Apocalypse in Oklahoma, and Joel Dyer, Harvest
of Rage: Why Oklahoma City is Only the Beginning, revised, (New York:
Westview, 1998 [1997]).
102 Andrew Macdonald, [pseudonym of William Pierce] The
Turner Diaries, (Washington, DC: National Alliance Books, 1978).
103 O'Leary, Arguing the Apocalypse; pp.
4-14, 178-179, 218-224; Richard Landes, working papers for the Center for
Millennial Studies, on file at PRA.
104 Fuller, Naming the Antichrist, pp.
9-10, 191-200.
105 Lamy, Millennium Rage, p. 265; Thompson,
in The End Of Time, also ties End Times belief to periods of societal
stress, pp. 71-72, 178.
106 Peter Worsley, The Trumpet Shall Sound:
A Study of "Cargo" Cults in Melanesia, second, augmented,
edition, (New York: Schocken Books, 1968, pp. xxxix-xliii, 225-243.
107 Kaplan, Radical Religion in America, p.
171.
108 Fuller, Naming the Antichrist, p.168.
109 Antony C. Sutton & Patrick M. Wood, Trilaterals
Over Washington, (Scottsdale, AZ: The August Corporation, 1979),
find graphic in back coupon section.
110 C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite,
New York: Oxford University Press, 1956. G. William Domhoff, The Powers
That Be: Processes of Ruling Class Domination in America, (New York:
Vintage Books, 1979, [1978]); Domhoff, Who Rules America Now: A View
for the `80's, (New York: Touchstone/Simon & Schuster, 1986, [1983]);
Holly Sklar, ed., Trilateralism: The Trilateral Commission and Elite
Planning for World Management, (Boston: South End Press, 1980); Sklar, Reagan,
Trilateralism and the Neoliberals: Containment and Intervention in the
1980s, (Pamphlet No. 4), (Boston: South End Press,1986); Sklar, Chaos
or Community?
111 Antony C. Sutton, Wall Street and the
Rise of Hitler, (Seal Beach, CA: `76 Press, 1976), pp. 170-171.
112 Author's conversations with Domhoff and Sklar
at academic conference panels on power structure research. One presumes
Mills would have objected as well.
113 Interview with Landes, 1998.
114 O'Leary, Arguing the Apocalypse; pp.
221-222.
115 Leslie Jorgenson, a freelance reporter in
Colorado first reported Duran's tie to militia-oriented talk radio. See
her article "AM Armies" in the March/April 1995 issue of Extra! where
she discusses the Chuck Baker program in detail. William E. Clayton, Jr., "Colorado
Man Charged with Trying to Kill Clinton," Houston Chronicle,
11/18/94, p. 1.
116 Chip Berlet, "Armed and Dangerous," The
Boston Globe, 1/6/95, Op-Ed, p. 23. Chip Berlet, "Clinic Violence,
The Religious Right, Scapegoating, Armed Militias, & the Freemason
Conspiracy," The Body Politic, in two parts, 5:2 February
1995, and 5:3, March 1995.
117 The New American is published by the
John Birch Society based in Appleton, WI. The Fatima Crusader is
published by the National Committee for the National Pilgrim Virgin
of Canada, and distributed in the US by the Servants of Jesus and Mary
Fatima Center in Constable, New York.
118 Charles E. Rice, "The Death Penalty
Dilemma," New American, April 4, 1994, p. 24. Rice, in another
publication, suggests considering a Biblical passage interpreted by some
as sanctioning death for homosexuality.
119 The author was subpoenaed and questioned
as an expert by the defense in the Salvi trial but never called to testify.
The discussion is based on conversations with professionals with a direct
knowledge of Salvi's mental health status.
120 Jacob Weisberg, "Playing with Fire," New
York magazine, May 8, 1995, pp. 30-35.
121 Fenn, The End of Time, p. 224.
122 Ibid., pp. 196-227; for a discussion of how
this dynamic can enforce oppressive race and gender hierarchies, see Abby
L. Ferber, White Man Falling: Race, Gender, and White Supremacy,
(Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998).
123 Discussions with Lauren Langman and Carl
Boggs regarding various papers they presented at the American Sociological
Association and International Sociological Association meetings in 1997
and 1998. Previous | TOC |
