White Supremacist, Antisemitic, and Race Hate Groups in the U.S.: A Geneology
by Chip Berlet
(Cite as: Chip Berlet, "White Supremacist, Antisemitic, and Race Hate Groups in the U.S.: A Geneology," online report, Political Research Associates, 2004, http://www.publiceye.org/racism/white-supremacy.html.)
What is the White Order of Thule? What is the Creativity movement (WCOTC)?
What is the National Alliance? What is Hammerskin Nation? What is Aryan
Nations?
All of these are White supremacist, antisemitic, race hate groups.
Jump to these Sections
Where did these groups get their ideas?
This chart below provides a historic genealogy of where these groups
get their ideas.
[Open chart as .PDF file for greater clarity]
Note that Christianity, paganism, pantheism, Odinism, and the Nordic
heroic warrior myths do not automatically intersect with either White
supremacy or antisemitism. This chart only shows specific lines of intellectual
influence.
While members of the White Order of Thule practice a form of Odinism
or Asatru, only a few followers of these pagan beliefs are White supremacist
neonazis. Many pagan websites post disclaimers denouncing hate to make
the distinction clear. See for example: ÁSATRÚ:
An ancient, but ever new religion, with the disclaimer: "We promote
equality, harmony and tolerance between all people of ethnic diversity,
gender orientation, educational background, and religious/spiritual preference."
While "Wotan" is one of the many names for the Norse god Odin, in White
supremacist circles the name WOTAN is also used as an acronym for "Will Of The Aryan Nations." Find
out more about the original
myths of Odin at Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia of pagan information. Visit
our collection of Nordic myth sites.
How is music used to recruit young people into these race hate groups?
Read this report on the racist black metal
music scene and other forms of hate music:
Soundtracks
to White Revolution - Center for New Community
Visit Turn it Down: A Campaign
Against White Power Music at <turnitdown.com>
See also: 'Hatecore'
uses music to lure angry white youth by Tony Norman
Creativity Movement
(Formerly World Church of the Creator)
Note: A prexisting group using the name Church of the Creator
sued for control of that name and won. However much of the literature
for the Creativity movement and most early reports on the group use
the name World Church of the Creator (WCOTC) to refer to the race hate
group. We apologize for this confusion and to the group currently claiming
the name, and hope people are clear that there is no connection between
the two groups.
The Creativity movement was founded by Ben Klassen who wrote a series
of books about his idiosyncratic philosophy. The current leader
is Matt Hale. According to Klassen, his religion--Creativity--is
the recognition that the natural destiny of the White Race is to rule
the world and thus fulfill the purpose of the universe. To attain
this destiny, it is necessary to destroy the enemies and race traitors
who prevent this from happening. The primary enemies are Jews, Blacks
and other "mud people," and White race traitors, including most Christians.
Klassen credits the influence of Hitler's Mein Kampf in the development
of his views. Creativity may be a despicable religion, but it can claim
to be a religion because it aspires to an understanding of the purpose
of life, seeks transcendence, and has an articulated set of beliefs and
rituals.
What Klassen did was to pick up ideas from the theories of Nietzsche,
pantheisim, Odinism, and Celtic paganism as filtered through German Nazi
retelling of the Norse heroic warrior myths, to create a religion
of Aryanist White supremacy. Discarding the details, he created
a form of cosmotheism in which the supreme power is the collective will
of the Aryan race. The duty of every member of the Aryan race is to reflect
the ideals of the heroic warrior and do battle with the enemies of the
race. The group's battle cry is RAHOWA, which stands for RAcial HOly WAr.
Like other forms of fascism, the idea of action is central to the philosophy,
as is the celebration of violence and the spilling of blood as part of
a rite of passage to full adulthood. While this ideas was originally
a concept of men and manhood, it has been extended to include women and
womanhood. Some do not see this as progress for feminist ideas.
When some people examine Klassen's book The White Man's Bible,
they accurately point out that it does not seem to clearly articulate
a religious viewpoint. This is true, however, the earlier book, Nature's
Eternal Religion is the foundation document of the religion. The
White Man's Bible is more of a handbook for clean living. Another
Klassen book is On the Brink of a Bloody Racial War: With the White
Race Targeted for Extermination.
Homepage of the Creativity
Movement in the U.S.
View cover of Nature's Eternal
Religion. Read the text of Nature's
Eternal Religion from Overthrow.com.
View cover of The White
Man's Bible. Read the text of The
White Man's Bible from Overthrow.com.
In Nature's Eternal Religion, Klassen writes:
"It was then I decided to compile my creed into a book. I decided
to formulate a new religion for the White Race that would lead it out
of the quagmire of Jewish entrapment, out of despair and degradation,
and into the bright light of greatness, to the heights of the wonderful
destiny that Nature herself, in her great wisdom, has destined for this
magnificent race." p. 444.
In White Man's Bible, Klassen writes:
"The niggers is (sic) the vital means of bastardizing
the White Race…The Jews are therefore madly pushing a program of
upgrading the niggers and pulling down the White." The suggested solution
is to ship Blacks back to Africa, "drive the Jews from power and render
them harmless," and "hang the traitors of our own race." p. 184
See cite to Mein Kampf as influence, Nature's Eternal Religion, p.
440.
Benjamin Nathaniel Smith went on a shooting rampage in 1999 in
Illinois and Indiana, targeting Jews, Blacks and Asians. He then
killed himself. Smith was influenced by the World Church of the
Creator.
In Klassen's book, On the Brink of a Bloody Racial War, the inevitability
of genocide carried out by White racial warriors is obvious throughout,
however, while the WCOTC is struggling to gain total control over the
political system in a country, Klassen urges followers to stay within
the boundaries of what is "legal, constitutional, and non-violent. This
is a tactical, not a strategic, command. Klassen, On the Brink
of a Bloody Racial War, p. 375.
Klassen's words are reprinted by Hale as part of a public statement
in the WCOTC newsletter The Struggle, that includes the claim: "Our Church
does not condone or advocate violence or illegality in any way." The
Struggle, Issue XC, Dec. XXIXAC, p. 12
In his article "Creativity's Strategy for White Victory," Hale makes
it clear that the call for nonviolence is merely a temporary tactic.
Hale cites Klassen's admonition to use legal means to win the struggle. "We
must spread the message of Creativity legally so that we can continue
to spread it, rather than wind up in jail." Matt Hale, "Creativity's
Strategy for White Victory."
Yet the WCOTC philosophy makes it clear that once in power, the Church
will create the conditions whereby people of color, Jews, and White "race
traitors" will wither away and eventually disappear off the face of the
Earth. This fits the UN definition of genocide.
Hale writes: "It cannot be denied that Ben Klassen envisioned that one
day, there would probably be an all-out war with the mud races. After
all, he did not speak the words 'RAHOWA! This Planet is Ours!" for nothing.
In Nature's Eternal Religion, he describes how once we get the White
Race's thinking straight, the White Race will cease to subsidize the
mud races, and they shall wither on the vine. Then, the White Race under
the banner of Creativity shall expand its territory until all the good
lands of this planet earth are ours. The mud races may very well offer
some resistance and that resistance will have to be destroyed."
While this call for future genocide is clear, Hale repeats his call
for nonviolence at the present time. The intrinsic heroic warrior theme
of Creativity, however, rebuts that claim because it makes it clear
that "real" masculine men take action against their enemies and advance
their race. This creates a dynamic whereby followers of Creativity could
easily decide to increase their status through aggression or even violence
against their enemies.
Like many devotees of racial Aryanism, Hitlerism, and Nordicism, activists
in the World Church of the Creator are fans of imperial Rome. This started
with founder Klassen, who called himself Pontifex Maximus, the title
in Latin used by all subsequent leaders. The Church newsletter, The Struggle,
in recent years has sported Roman numeral years and issue numbers. One
issue included a notice on how to obtain a language course for learning
Latin. "Interested in Learning Latin?" The Struggle, Issue LXXXVII,
Sept. XXIXAC, p. 5
The back page of Issue XC (90) held a hand drawn Roman Legionnaire with
a WCOTC shield and a sword battling a snake with a Star of David on its
tail and a caricature of a "Jew's" face complete with stereotypic (antisemitic)
features. The Struggle, Issue XC, Dec. XXIXAC, p. 12
In another issue there is an article by Brother Donald Hansard, "Greatness," which
proclaims, "When most of us look to the past and see those who have achieved
greatness, we think about the likes of the Romans, the Third Reich, and
the Babylonians…. With the Romans, it was Augustus and Hadrian along
with a few other emperors who showed the people of Rome the truth about
the Jews. With the Third Reich, it was Adolf Hitler, Joseph Goebels,
and Rudolf Hess along with a few others who would take Germany back from
the Jews and restore the German pride the Jews had stolen." Donald
Hansard, "Greatness." The Struggle, Issue LXXXIX, Nov. XXIXAC, p. 5.
The Imperial Romans and the Nordic Aryan Nazis are seen as the racial
ancestors of White men in the U.S. in this formulation.
According to WCOTC teachings, Christianity is just another form of Judaism.
More Information & Updates
Building Democracy Initiative
of the Center for New Community
Southern Poverty Law Center
Anti-Defamation League
Other
Links to Creativity websites
White Order of Thule
[Thule is
pronounced "Two-Lee"]
The White Order of Thule is a group influenced by Odinism, paganism,
pantheism, Greek mythology, and Celtic lore, and is mirrored on German
Nazi celebration of Nordic myths of the heroic warrior. These myths
were the basis of Wagner's Ring opera cycle, and influenced Hitler who
merged them with his distorted understanding of Nietzsche's philosophy
of the centrality of will and the concept of the Ubermensch which Hitler
turned into the idea of an Aryan "Master Race."
Read the following for an excellent overview of the White Order of
Thule
Damned,
Defiant and Dangerous Continuing White Supremacist Violence
in the U.S. Devin Burghart and Justin Massa Searchlight, July 2001
According to Devin Burghart and Justin Massa:
"The group’s educational programme teaches its few members
everything from "Practical Occultism", "Jungian psychology" and "Archetypal
Pathworking", to "Folkish Hygiene" and "Hermetic Philosophy". White Order
of Thule study books include, Imperium, Mein Kampf, The
Decline of the West, Might is Right, Revolt Against the
Modern World, and Twilight of the Idols." Read
More Here.
The original Thule Society was
an esoteric group formed in the early 1900s that helped recruit the original
German Nazi movement, the NSDAP--National Socialist German Workers Party. Ostara was
a viciously antisemitic magazine that influenced some of the ideas in the
Thule Society and the NSDAP.
A newsletter circulated in the White Order of Thule, Fenris Wolf, carries
a graphic of a farmer with a scyth, and the headline: "To give death
and to receive it.....that is the power of the Ubermensch!!! Hail Queen
Hela! Hail Death!" Cite: Fenris Wolf # 7.
This same issue discusses the importance of reading books such as Madison
Grant's The Passing of the Great Race, and contains a number
of music reviews of neonazi black metal music. (See: Soundtracks
to White Revolution).
Leo Felton wrote an article in Fenris Wolf #7.
Read it here:
page 1 |
page 2 |
page 3 |
page 4
Read another article for Fenris Wolf #7:
page 1 |
page 2 |
page 3
Books from 14 Words Press are popular in White
Order of Thule networks.
More about Leo V. Felton and Erica Chase in Boston:
Anti-Defamation League -
White Order of Thule - Two
with Ties to White Supremacy Suspected in Plot to Bomb Boston Sites
Bombs
in Boston - Southern Poverty Law Center A biracial man who describes
his mixed-race heritage as a ‘curse’ is charged in an alleged terrorist
plot by Kevin Coogan
Nazi
black metal leader arrested in the US - Searchlight By Devin Burghart
and Justin Massa - Center for New Comunity
Read a list of materials for sale at a website influenced by Nordicist
Aryan supremacy: Micetrap
Forum.
Read a nasty commentary on the Boston case by a bigot
Ideas and Intellectuals
Intellectual Roots of White Supremacy
The Extreme Right in the United States is comprised of groups overtly promoting
White supremacy and antisemitism along with forms of heteropatriarchy.
The White supremacy of the Extreme Right is rooted in pseudo-scientific
theories of the biological superiority of the White "race." Key texts
that these theories draw on include:
- Count Arthur de Gobineau’s 1853 The Inequality of Human Races;
- Frances Galton’s 1870 Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into Its
Laws and Consequences;
- Madison Grant’s 1923 The Passing of the Great Race.
Grant gives a summary of the concepts:
"Democratic theories of government in their modern form are
based on dogmas of equality formulated some hundred and fifty years ago
and rest upon the assumption that environment and not heredity is the
controlling factor in human development" (Grant, 1923: xx).
"Aboriginal populations from time immemorial have been again and again
swamped under floods of newcomers and have disappeared for a time from
historic view. In the course of centuries, however, these primitive
elements have slowly reasserted their physical type and have gradually
bred out their conquerors" (Grant, 1923: xxii).
"...the more primitive strata of the population always contain physical
traits derived from still more ancient predecessors" (Grant, 1923:
xxii).
The pseudo science of racialism was taught in major universites such as
Harvard and MIT as science for many years. Its application spawned the
eugenics movement. According to Margaret Quigley:
'The history of the eugenics movement begins with the publication
of Charles Darwin's study of human evolution, The Origin of Species in
1859. The idea of evolution, of the development of species over time
was transformative but it was the more general idea of the inheritability
of human traits that captured the imagination of the earliest writers
of what came to be called eugenics. In 1865, as the Civil War in the
United States was drawing to an end, independently wealthy Francis Galton
published two articles in Macmillan's Magazine that would form
the basis of the English eugenics movement; they were jointly called "Hereditary
Talent and Character." The essays were expanded into a book published
four years later in 1869 and called Hereditary Genius. The central
thesis of both the articles and the book was that human traits, and particularly
great ability, can be inherited from previous generations. Charles Darwin
wrote of his cousin's book, "I do not think I ever in all my life read
anything more interesting and original." '
Read
more from this article about the history of "scientific racism" and Eugenics.
Read
about AHNENERBE - Simon Wiesenthal Center A society founded
by Heinrich Himmler in 1935, for the purpose of proving the superiority
of Germans through "scientific" experiments.
Spengler/Yockey/Carto
Oswald Spengler developed the idea of of a "cyclical theory of cultures," in Decline
of the West.
This idea was carried further into racialism in Imperium, by
Francis Parker Yockey, a "World War II era Nazi sympathizer," whose book
Sara Diamond describes as "a classic piece of anti-Jewish propaganda,
linking Jews to banking, national indebtedness, and conspiracies behind
racial conflict in American society."
Yockey, and his devotee Willis Carto, synthesized Spengler’s theories
and arrived at a culturally-based racial nationalist interpretation. Carto
founded the Liberty Lobby and the Spotlight newspaper, but both
are now defunct.
Spotlight & Liberty
Lobby (now defunct) - PRA
Willis
Carto - ADL
The Protocols
of the Elders of Zion
The most important source of antisemitic conspiracist thinking worldwide
is the forged propaganda tract, The Protocols of the Learned Elders
of Zion.
In the United States, the most important source for spreading the Protocols was
the newspaper The Dearborn Independent, published by Henry
Ford, the automaker. Hitler considered Ford a great hero. Ford later
claimed he regreted this aspect of his work.
Where Nordic Myths and the Aryan "Race" Intersect with Antisemitism
There is a large amount of literature about Norse, Viking and other
Nordic heroic warrior myths. None of this is necessarily linked to White
supremacist racism or antisemitism.
A non-racist overview
of Norse mythology can be found at Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
of pagan information. Sometimes Celtic myths are blended into Norse
myths.
Here are two books that tell the Nordic heroic warrior myths in an accessible
manner:
Coolidge, Olivia E. (1951). Legends of the North. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin.
Riis, Jacob A. (1910). Hero-Tales of the Far-North. New York:
MacMillan.
Some authors have racialized these myths. One example is Richard Kelly
Hoskins, an influential White supremacist ideologue. In 1958 Hoskins
wrote Our Nordic Race where he claimed, "The history of our [Nordic]
race is an epic story which should thrill the hearts of our youth..." (5).
According to Hoskins:
"Today the entire world is seething with unrest. The line of
conflict is found wherever the protective ring of outposts of our western
civilization comes in contact with the now belligerent and aggressive
nations of the colored world" (Foreword).
Hoskins identifies the villains:
"[A] group of 'agitation Jews,' in close co-operation with
a group of Nordic Race Traitors, are almost wholly responsible for the
destructive 'one race, one creed, one color' Marxist campaign that has
brought strife and disunity to our country and to the rest of Western
Civilization" (27).
He also proposes some solutions, a tactical reform agenda and a strategic
plan that implies a more aggressive methodology:
"...we must add to the large number of states who already have
laws prohibiting racial interbreeding and insure that these laws are
made ironclad. It would be an irony indeed to protect ourselves against
a second Pearl Harbor only to be destroyed by Marxist mongrelism from
within" (38).
"Crucial it is that we have solidarity on the subject of Nordic
preservation in spite of our enemies within who are doing their utmost
to destroy us. If we do not unite our thinking and our actions we shall
rest with the ashes of the ages in less than a century. But if we rise
to the crisis--if we ally ourselves with our neighbors next door, with
our kinsmen more distant, to crush beneath the heel the traitors within,
and stalwartly meet the tidal wave of colored fanaticism that is rapidly
approaching our shores--we shall win through to a great new era that
will follow us to the stars" (39).
For Hoskins, the primary focus is on White supremacy, but secondarily the
issues of race traitors, Marxists, and "agitation Jews." He also is critical
of the role of government in aiding "mongrelism from within." Since contemporary
White supremacy is based on pseudo-scientific racialism, Jews are considered
to be part of the Semitic race, even though not all Jews are Semitic, and
many people who consider themselves Semites are Arab. To add further confusion,
some Extreme Right hucksters claim they are not really "antisemitic" because
they hold no grudge against Arabs, who they classify as Semites.
Nietzsche, the Ubermensch, National Socialism, Hitler, and the Master
Race Theory
Nietzsche did not inherently spawn the Nazi movement. It was German
Nazi biased interpretations of Nietzsche that matter in the chart on
this page. Nietzsche's philosophy is a hotly debated matter with substantial
arguments made by credible scholars that Nietzsche would have disowned
Hitler's interpretation.
Hitler relied on the racialized anthropology of the day to develop the
racial theory of Aryanism, which did not come from Nietzsche.
From Alan Taylor, "Nietzsche
the Nazi?"
"For some time it has been popular to disparage the works of
the infamous German thinker, Friedrich Nietzsche, on the grounds that
his thought is dangerous, that it lends itself to totalitarianism and,
more specifically, to fascism. The history of Nietzsche's adoption by
the forces of National Socialism in Germany has been well documented.
Adolf Hitler personally approved of Nietzsche's writings, and upon coming
to power he promoted one of Nietzsche's first Nazi disciples, Alfred
Baumler, to professor of philosophy in Berlin. During the Nazi period
Nietzsche was both widely read and celebrated in Germany. He was considered
to be one of the master-thinkers of the Aryan race. After Germany lost
the war, Nietzsche's thought fell into disrepute. Martin Heidegger even
blamed his involvement in Nazi politics on the influence of Nietzsche.
Since that time, however, Nietzsche's work has enjoyed a modest revival.
Nevertheless, Nietzsche is still viewed with suspicion in many circles!
because of a circumstance of history that was beyond his control. Many
critics continue to argue that Nietzsche's thinking is at best dangerous
or, at worst, downright evil because it leads directly to fascism."
This argument, I contend, is simply untenable given a careful reading
of Nietzsche's work. From an examination of his texts, skipping the "approved" Nazi
interpretations, one can easily argue that Nietzsche would have certainly
opposed his appropriation by National Socialism, particularly its hideous
manifestation in Nazi Germany. Keep reading: "Nietzsche
the Nazi?"
[Thanks to Alan Taylor and Michael Pollak for help on this section]
Violence and Fascist Ideology
Fascism as a political ideology values action over thought, and glorifies
violence as a ritual rite of passage into true manhood. In recent years
(in an ironic twist to the demands of the feminist movement) some women
in organized racist groups have extolled violence as a way to achieve true
womanhood. Some women in organized race hate groups have sought and attained
ledership positions and participated in violence, while others remain marginalized
in an overwhlemingly macho subculture, or accept submissive and secondary
roles. Kathleen Blee has conducted the most in-depth
research into this.
The father of fascism, Italy's Benito Mussolini, worked with Giovanni
Gentile to write an entry on the philosophy of fascism for the 1932 Enciclopedia
Italiana.
"Fascism, the more it considers and observes the future and
the development of humanity quite apart from political considerations
of the moment, believes neither in the possibility nor the utility of
perpetual peace. It thus repudiates the doctrine of Pacifism -- born
of a renunciation of the struggle and an act of cowardice in the face
of sacrifice. War alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy
and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have courage to meet
it. All other trials are substitutes, which never really put men into
the position where they have to make the great decision -- the alternative
of life or death.... "
Read
more from this article...
Other Groups & Movements
14 Words Press
14 Words Press publishes material from David Lane, a jailed White supremacist
leader.
The 14 words refer to a slogan coined by Lane:
"We must secure the existence of our people and a future for
white children."
Cites: Lane, David. (1999). Deceived, Damned & Defiant: The
Revolutionary Writings of David Lane. St. Maries, ID: 14 Words
Press, pp. xix, 6, 27, 83-99, 102-105, 126.
According to ADL:
"The [14 Words Press] press has promoted
a racist version of the ancient Norse religion Asatru that Lane refers
to as Wotansvolk. Asatru, often referred to as Odinism, incorporates
the worship of Odin, Thor and other gods and goddesses and is not innately
racist. Lane was initially drawn to Christian Identity but became involved
with Asatru because he believed, like other white supremacists, that
his ancient Northern European ancestors practiced the pagan religion.
He describes Wotansvolk, his racialized and Nazified version, as a faith
that incarnates WOTAN, or Will Of The Aryan Nation."
Read
more about David Lane - ADL
View book covers from 14 Word Press:
Racist Skinheads
[Note that not all skinheads are racist, and in the U.S. many skinheads
are anti-racist.]
Hammerskin Nation
Hammerskin
Nation - ADL
Mark Hamm has written a detailed book on racists skinheads
and criminality.
Aryan Nations
| Aryan Nations is a neonazi group founded by Christian Identity pastor
Richard Butler. |
 |
|
More on Richard
Butler from the ADL
|
Christian Identity
Not a group but a loose knit network and ideology. Christian Identity is
a white supremacist philosophy that mirrors resugent neonazi activism world-wide. "Identity
is based on the premise that the Jews are literally Children of Satan -
the seed of Cain, that people of color are 'pre-Adamic' mud people - God's
failures before perfecting Adam, and that white Christian Aryans are the
'Lost Sheep of the House of Israel' - God's chosen people, and therefore
America is the biblical promised land," explains Lenny Zeskind. Identity
is based in part on an earlier religious concept called "British Israelism." Some
advisors to Henry Ford helped
transform British Israelism into Christian Identity.
[More on Christian Identity & the
Posse Comitatus]
Minges, Patrick. (1994). Apocalypse
Now! The Realized Eschatology of the "Christian Identity" Movement. Paper,
Mid-Atlantic Conference, American Academy of Religion.
Michael Barkun has writen the most extensive
book on Christian Identity
Transitional books taking British Israelism into Christian Identity:
Allen, J. H. (1917 [1902]). Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright.
15th ed. Haverhill, MA: Destiny Publishers.
Mackendrick, W. G. (The Roadbuilder). (1922). The Destiny of Britain
and America. Revised ed. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart.
The National Alliance
The National Alliance is a neonazi
group whose leader, William Pierce, wrote the novel Turner Diaries under
the pseudonym Andrew McDonald. Pierce recently died, but the National
Alliance, for the moment, continues on.
Read an article from the National Alliance magazine on Celtic Lore Celtic
Folkways and the Clash with Romans and Germans
Other racial nationalist groups
Links pages for other
extreme right groups
Links pages for a variety of right-wing
groups
Further Research
On this website
General background on Organized Racism
Best overview:
Ridgeway, James. (1991). Blood in the Face: The Ku Klux Klan, Aryan
Nations, Nazi Skinheads, and the Rise of a New White Culture. New York:
Thunder’s Mouth Press.
Specific Topics:
Blee, Kathleen M. (2002). Inside Organized Racism:
Women in the Hate Movement. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Blee, Kathleen M. (1991). Women of the Klan: Racism and Gender in the
1920s. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Dobratz, Betty A., and Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile. (1997). "White Power,
White Pride!" The White Separatist Movement in the United States. New
York, Twayne Publishers.
Ezekiel, Raphael S. (1995). The Racist Mind: Portraits of American Neo-Nazis
and Klansmen. New York: Viking.
Hamm, Mark S. (1994). American Skinheads: The Criminology
and Control of Hate Crime. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Aho, James A. (1990). The Politics of Righteousness: Idaho Christian
Patriotism. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Aho, James A. (1994). This Thing of Darkness: A Sociology of the Enemy.
Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Barkun, Michael. (1994). Religion and the Racist
Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement. Chapel Hill: University
of North Carolina Press.
Pagans
and Prison Imprisoned racists are working with others outside the
walls to spread a noxious version of ancient Norse religion -
Southern Poverty Law Center
'Germanic',
'Celtic' 'pagan' religion, and the far Right SIMPOS: Netherlands
foundation for information on social problems and occult tendencies
More on Nordic myths
http://www.vikinganswerlady.org/ compiled by Robert Berlet (A
good site, well researched and a good source to use. You may need to do
some searching to find the article you want though)
http://www.thetroth.org/resources/ (Asatru
site, link is to resources, short concise articles, quite useful)
http://www.thetroth.org/resources/jenny/nfldpaper.html (good
paper to read on the above Asatru site)
http://www.northvegr.org/ (Asatru
group, good one to check out, after entering, select the northern way for
a rather long article on the group and its political stance)
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Heimskringla/ynglinga.html
(can
also find many of the other sagas translated here)
http://www.irminsul.org/ru/ru.html
(links
page for runes, runic magic, runic fonts, good for artwork, plus gives
information on both the scientific/archeological and the magic/cultural
importance)
http://www.execpc.com/~gronitz/futhark/myth/egils.html
(another
rune page, concise, gives examples from sagas, good for a general overview)
http://www.legends.dm.net/sagas/
(site
of sagas and legends of Vikings, be sure to click on the English translation
if you want English)
http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/gayvik.htm
(specific
article on taboos against homosexuality in Viking times)
Galldr
and Seiðr: Two Sides of the Same Coin / Gender & Identity in
Viking Magic
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